Large Eddy Simulations of Tall Vegetated Canopies: Momentum Statistics and TKE Budget

The simulations related to the present dataset investigate the effects of heterogeneity in tall vegetated canopies, designed to emulate structural and aerodynamic characteristics of the Amazon rainforest. A total of 15 canopy configurations are considered, all assuming neutral stratification and a boundary layer height of zi = 1000 m. Fourteen configurations are driven by a geostrophic wind speed of 9 m/s, with a friction velocity of u* = 0.313 m/s. In contrast, the configuration Hom_eq_gaps_pfx_9mps is forced by a streamwise pressure gradient normalized as (1/ρ)(∂p/∂x) = 1, where ρ denotes hydrostatic density. This normalization employs a reference friction velocity of u* = 0.58 m/s and the same boundary layer height zi = 1000 m, such that ∂p/∂x ∼ (u*)^2/zi.